unavailable (line 7) – accessible

overlooked (line 53) – noticed

Sinônimos (synonymous) são palavras que possuem sentidos parecidos. Nesta questão, é preciso identificar qual alternativa apresenta palavras sinônimas: a) unavailable&nbsp;(indisponível) - accessible (acessível)b) current&nbsp;(atual) - past (passado)c) strive (se esforçar para) - try hard (tentar muito)d) overlooked&nbsp;(esquecido) - noticed (percebido)e) unsure&nbsp;(inseguro) - undoubted (indiscutível) Tendo isso em vista, notamos que "strive" e "try hard" possuem sentidos parecidos, sendo consideradas, portanto, sinônimos. Alternativa correta: Letra (C)

By HEATHER HUHMAN. June 17, 2011. US News
 Everyone makes mistakes — but some of those
 mistakes are more avoidable than others. When it
 comes to your job, even just one mistake could result
 in major consequences for your career.
5 Impress your employer by avoiding the 
 following mistakes: 
 Mistake #1: Being unavailable
 It’s inevitable that, at some point, your supervisor
 or co-workers will approach you and ask for your
10 help on an outside project or assignment. Although 
 it might be tempting to ignore those emails or say
 no to additional work, don’t. You might think that no
 one will notice if you don’t help with extra work, but
 they will. And, although it’s not technically in your job
15 description, more companies today must do more with
 less — meaning each employee needs to be flexible
 and multi-skilled. Make yourself indispensible by
 pitching in on other assignments when possible. (Of
 course, don’t overextend yourself to the point where
20 you can’t get your normal work done.)
 Mistake #2: Failing to dress to impress
 Some of the best job advice I’ve heard is to always
 dress at least one step above your current position. It
 helps others picture you working above your current
25 position and makes you look extremely professional.
 You’re not just an intern/entry-level professional, you
 have the potential to be so much more — so act like it.
 Mistake #3: Denying your mistakes
 No one is perfect. And while doing projects to the
30 best of your ability is something you should strive to
 do, it doesn’t mean you’ll never make a mistake or do
 something incorrectly. If you make a mistake, own up
 to it and correct it. Remember to not lose sight of the
 overall goal by focusing too much on the little details.
35 You could potentially miss deadlines and quality of
 your work — not to mention drive your co-workers
 (and boss) crazy.
 Mistake #4: Waiting for feedback
 Many workplaces still don’t give employees
40 feedback more than a few times per year. If you wait
 around for feedback for several months, you’re doing
 yourself (and your organization) a disservice. Instead
 of waiting for your supervisor to come to you, ask to
 set up a quick meeting to discuss your progress thus
45 far and any improvements you could make. Bring
 up specific projects you’ve completed and ask for
 feedback on things you were unsure about. This way,
 you know where you stand in your position and at
 the company — before a formal performance review
50 comes across your desk.
 Mistake #5: Not interacting with peers
 Even if you’re doing spectacular work, you could
 be overlooked if you sit at your desk each day and avoid
 interactions with co-workers and upper management.
55 When you need a break, head over to the break room
 or cafeteria and interact with other workers in your
 office. Not only will this help reduce stress on the
 job, but you’ll have the potential to make some great
 professional relationships, too.
60 Mistake #6: Not asking questions
 Some people think asking questions is a sign of
 weakness. Yet, when you’re unsure how to complete
 a task, it can be hard to do it the right way the first
 time without clarification. When assigned a new
65 project, ask any questions that might come up right
 then and there. Furthermore, you might also want
 to inquire about how your success will be measured
 and how often you should update your boss on the 
 progress. Your supervisor would much rather that
70 you ask questions now in order to avoid potential
 problems later.
 Mistake #7: Ignoring the corporate culture
 When you first start on a new job, it’s important
 to take note of cultural differences from previous
75 workplaces. What does everyone wear on a daily
 basis? How much socialization goes on during the
 workday? Do employees tend to come in early or stay
 late? What is the typical mode of communication for
 the office? Assimilating to the culture is a great way
80 to fit in quickly at the organization and get along with
 other employees.

“You might think that no one will notice…” – lines 12- 13 (should)

“more companies today must do more with less” – lines 15-16 (have to)

“meaning each employee needs to be flexible and multi-skilled.” – lines 16-17 (wishes)

“You could potentially miss deadlines…” – line 35 (must)

“it can be hard to do it the right way…” – line 63 (will)

Alguns verbos, na língua inglesa, são usados para expressar obrigatoriedade ou necessidade, como é o caso de alguns verbos presentes nas alternativas desta questão: should (deveria), must (deve), have to (tem de), need (precisa), could (poderia) e can (pode).Embora todos os verbos mencionados possam ser usados para tratar de uma obrigatoriedade ou necessidade, cada um possui uma nuance diferente. Should, could e can são mais usados para aconselhar, dar sugestões; enquanto must, have to e need já são usados para expressar, explicitamente, uma necessidade/obrigatoriedade.Tendo isso em vista, a alternativa em que a palavra em parênteses pode substituir o termo em negrito é "more companies today must do more with less". Assim como must (dever fazer algo), have to (ter de fazer algo) expressa uma necessidade e, ao substituir must, não mudaria o sentido da frase. Alternativa correta: Letra (B)

“Although it might be tempting ignore those emails…” (lines 10-11)

“And while doing projects to the best of your ability is something you should strive to do,” (lines 29-31)

“Instead of waiting for your supervisor to come to you,” (lines 42-43)

“Yet, when you’re unsure how to complete a task,” (lines 62-63)

“Furthermore, you might also want to inquire about how your success will be measured…” (lines 66-67)

Para responder a esta questão, é preciso identificar qual das palavras em negrito apresenta uma ideia de adição. Para isso, observe o significado dos termos em negrito:Although&nbsp;- Embora, apesar deWhile - Embora, enquantoInstead of - Em vez deYet - PorémFurthermore - Além disso Tendo em vista o significado das palavras, é possível notar que todas, exceto a última, expressam oposição de ideias. Somente Furthermore apresenta a ideia de adição. Alternativa correta: Letra (E)

No trecho "are especially critical for workers and managers in a globalized economy defined by its unpredictability and dynamism", o pronome "its" (seu/sua) se refere a um termo mencionado anteriormente.No trecho em questão, "its" se refere a "economy", como é possível notar na tradução do excerto: "são especialmente críticos para trabalhadores e gerentes em uma economia globalizada definida por sua imprevisibilidade e dinamismo". Alternativa correta: Letra (E)

Formal education and skills aren’t connecting in Latin America. 
By Gabriel Sanchez Zinny

 Education advocates in Latin America have
 long pushed for expanded access for all students.
 Indeed, access has improved, with secondary school
 completion rates climbing from 30 to 50 percent over
5 the past two decades. However, there is a growing
 realization that greater access alone will do little good
 without higher quality.
 Business leaders, in particular, have argued that
 there is a profound disconnect between what schools
10 are teaching and what is actually required for a worker
 to succeed in a globalized, innovation-driven, and
 knowledge-based modern economy. “There are very
 talented people in the region. All they need is a chance
 to develop,” says Felipe Vergara, co-founder of
15 Lumni, a company that invests in students’ education
 in exchange for a fixed portion of the income they will
 go on to receive with their improved career path.
 At the same time that the private sector is
 beginning to take matters into its own hands, a new
20 report from a team of Inter-American Development
 Bank education researchers, led by Marina Bassi and
 Jaime Vargas, has shed new light on the failures of
 Latin American education systems to prepare students
 for the job market. Entitled “Disconnected: Skills,
25 Education and Employment in Latin America”, the
 report uses surveys of both students and employers
 across the region to understand why and how this gap
 in skills is occurring.
 The results are surprising. While access has
30 increased, in two other critical areas - quality and
 relevance - there has been little to no progress, leaving
 students unprepared for the demands of the modern
 workplace. The employers surveyed all pointed to the
 importance of what are known as “socio-emotional
35 skills”, in contrast to traditional cognitive skills such
 as literacy and basic mathematics. Socio-emotional
 skills relate to personality, and include punctuality,
 politeness, work ethics, responsibility, empathy, and
 adaptability, and are especially critical for workers
40 and managers in a globalized economy defined by its
 unpredictability and dynamism.
 While high costs are certainly playing a role, it is
 clear that addressing the skills gap in Latin America
 will require a multifaceted approach. As the authors
45 of “Disconnected” argue, schools must find ways to
 become more engaged with the productive economy 
 that surrounds them, and improve their ability to instill
 and evaluate the type of skills that the private sector is
 looking for. This effort should go beyond increasing the
50 access and completion of secondary school. It should
 involve more research, better teacher recruitment
 and evaluation, and incentives for developing socio-
 emotional skills.
 Companies have a strong role to play, and some
 of them are just not giving up. As Juan Iramain, Vice
56 President of Public Affairs and Communications
 in Coca Cola’s South Latin region, puts it, “at the
 Coca-Cola Company we understand that in order to
 catch up with the necessary level of sustainability
60 of the globalized world, our business should rely
 on the sustainability of the communities in which
 we operate. For some time now, therefore, we have
 been dealing with specialized NGOs to strengthen the
 work of parents and school. The aim is not only for
65 students to complete the school year, but also that
 they incorporate the curiosity and lifelong learning
 capabilities needed to work in the labor market of
 the 21st century. We just can’t put up with a school
 program that cannot prepare youngsters for a better
70 society”.
 But above all, as the authors Marina Bassi and
 Jaime Vargas have argued, we must continue this
 dialogue between governments and the private
 sector so that education reform can lead to increased
75 opportunity and economic development across the
 region.

to catch up with (lines 58-59) - to leave

Para responder a esta questão, é preciso identificar qual das alternativas apresenta verbos com sentidos similares: a) giving up (desistindo) - resisting (resistindo)b) puts it (coloca, diz) - says (diz)c) to catch up with (alcançar) - leave (deixar)d) rely on (se apoiar) - divide (dividir)e) put up with (tolerar) - test (verificar, testar) Considerando as palavras acima, podemos notar que "puts it", no contexto em que está inserido, aproxima-se semanticamente de "says". Alternativa correta: Letra (B)

Questões de CESGRANRIO - Inglês - Elementos gramaticais