Questões de Elementos gramaticais

“Unfortunately, the coding mechanisms for recording cause of failure often obscure the role of language.” (lines 5-7).

“By contrast, there is substantial evidence to support the claim that ‘effective communication in global airspace …will become even more important tomorrow.’ ” (lines 14-16).

“Additionally, there are clear indicators that per capita air travel traffic, which increases with wealth, is about to undergo dramatic shifts in demography.” (lines 22-24).

“Accreditation is a common element of education systems all over the world. Some accreditation agencies are general, and assess overall performance, while others are specific to a particular task.” (lines 47-50).

“Instead, it would focus only on the Aviation English component of that school or program, and assess it only with respect to the stated ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) standards and benchmarks for Aviation English.” (lines 54-58).

“withholding” (line 8) and restraining are antonyms.

“skittish” (line 9) and easy-going are synonyms.

“exceed” (line 19) could not be substituted by surpass.

“undergo” (line 24) and endure have similar meanings.

“ensure” (line 26) and guarantee have opposing meanings.

it should take into account the different amounts of work or the psychological stress undergone by L2 pilots and controllers in their real life environment.

it does not cover as many language skills and proficiency levels as necessary to validate pilots and controllers’ performance in the L2.

it does not consider the ICAO’s language proficiency requirements for aviation professionals.

the number of air traffic controllers and pilots who need to be tested is very large.

the proficiency levels of the high L2 and low L2 groups are very different.

problemático para alunos brasileiros, pois os artigos em inglês não seguem regras.

fácil porque o artigo definido é empregado exclusivamente antes de nomes próprios.

incompreensível para alunos brasileiros porque os artigos em português são usados de forma totalmente distinta.

melhor internalizado quando os alunos entendem que a escolha do artigo dependente de fatores contextuais e extra-contextuais.

melhor compreendido quando o professor traduz, já que todas as línguas usam artigos definidos e indefinidos exatamente da mesma forma.

“...such data,” (line 8) refers to “...several airplane crashes,” (line 4).

“ ...the historically-dominant region...” (lines 20-21) refers to “...the Asia-Pacific region,” (line 18).

“...those criteria...” (line 42) refers to “...peer evaluations...” (line 41).

“...others...” (line 49) refers to “...accreditation agencies...” (line 48).

“These two bodies...” (lines 67-68) refers to “...universities...” (line 67) and “...schools of business...” (line 64).